Kev piav qhia ntxaws ntawm Rau Cov Txheej Txheem Annealing

 

Hauv kev lag luam hlau thiab kev kho cua sov, annealing yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas txhim kho cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau los ntawm cua sov thiab cua txias. Cov txheej txheem no yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv, txo kev ntxhov siab, thiab pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm rau qhov txheej txheem annealing: tag nrho annealing, spheroidizing annealing, stress-relief annealing, recrystallization annealing, diffusion annealing, thiab isothermal annealing, thaum tham txog lawv cov yam ntxwv, kev siv, thiab cov qauv kev hloov tom qab annealing.

 

▲ Cov txheej txheem Annealing

 

▲ Kev hloov pauv

 

 

Kuv Tag Nrho Annealing

 

1. Txhais thiab Lub Hom Phiaj

Tag nrho annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov ntaub ntawv hlau tau rhuab saum lawv qhov kub thiab txias (Ac3 lossis Ac1, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg), tuav rau ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias mus rau chav sov hauv qhov cub. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog ua kom zoo dua cov qauv nplej, homogenize cov khoom, tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, thiab txo cov kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, uas txhim kho cov khoom siv plasticity thiab toughness rau ntxiv machining, xws li forging, dov, thiab txiav.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntau yam

Tag nrho annealing yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hypoeutectoid steel, nruab nrab carbon steel, thiab ib co qis thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy steel castings, forgings, thiab kub dov profiles. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj kev ua hauj lwm hardening thiab residual kev nyuaj siab thaum lub sij hawm machining, uas yuav tsum tau txhim kho los ntawm tag nrho cov annealing, yog li pab txhawb lawv machining kev ua tau zoo thiab zaum kawg daim ntawv thov zog.

 

3. Post-Annealing Structure

Tom qab tag nrho annealing, cov ntaub ntawv tus qauv feem ntau hloov mus rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm ferrite (F) thiab pearlite (P). Lub pearlite lub cementite yog teem rau hauv lamellar daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ferrite matrix, uas zoo nkaus li equiaxed thiab sib npaug faib nrog nplua nplej. Qhov microstructure no txhawb cov khoom siv txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness rau tom ntej machining.

 

 

II Spheroidizing Annealing

 

1. Txhais thiab Lub Hom Phiaj

Spheroidizing annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau hypereutectoid lossis cov pa roj carbon siab yog cua sov me ntsis saum nws qhov kub ntawm Ac1, tuav rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab maj mam txias kom qis dua nws qhov kub ntawm Ar1 rau isothermal transformation, ua raws li cov cua txias. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los hloov cov lamellar los yog networked carbides rau hauv cov kab lus kheej kheej, sib npaug ntawm cov ferrite matrix, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm quenching.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntau yam

Spheroidizing annealing yog tsuas yog siv rau eutectoid steel, hypereutectoid steel, thiab bearing steel, carburizing steel, los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau zoo heev machinability thiab quenchability. Cov txheej txheem no ho txhim kho machining efficiency thiab qhov kawg khoom zoo.

 

3. Post-Annealing Structure

 

▲ Post-Spheroidizing Annealing Structure

 

Cov qauv tom qab spheroidizing annealing muaj spheroidized pearlite, qhov twg cov cementite tsim cov me me kheej kheej cov khoom dispersed nyob rau hauv lub ferrite matrix. Cov qauv no tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tab sis kuj txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm deformation thiab tawg thaum lub sijhawm quenching, thaum txhim kho hardness thiab hnav tsis kam tom qab quenching.

 

 

III Stress-Relief Annealing

 

1. Txhais thiab Lub Hom Phiaj

Kev ntxhov siab-relief annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov ntaub ntawv hlau tau rhuab hauv qab lawv qhov kub ntawm recrystallization, tuav rau ib lub sij hawm, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias rau hauv chav tsev kub. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias lossis vuam, tiv thaiv deformation lossis tawg thaum siv vim muaj kev ntxhov siab.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntau yam

Kev ntxhov siab-relief annealing yog dav siv hauv castings, forgings, weldments, txias-stamped qhov chaw, thiab machined Cheebtsam. Cov khoom no zoo li tsim cov kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ntxhov siab-nyem annealing, txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev pabcuam lub neej.

 

3. Post-Annealing Structure

Kev ntxhov siab-relief annealing ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv me me, vim nws lub hom phiaj yog los txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv es tsis hloov cov qauv microstructure. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev no yog kev ntxhov siab, tsis yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv.

 

 

IV Recrystallization Annealing

 

1. Txhais thiab Lub Hom Phiaj

Recrystallization annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas ua kom sov cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm txias dua lawv qhov kub thiab txias, tuav lawv rau ib ntus, thiab tom qab ntawd txias rau hauv chav sov. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias, rov ua kom cov khoom siv plasticity thiab toughness.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntau yam

Recrystallization annealing feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hlau txias-deformed xws li cov ntawv txias-kuav los tiag steel thiab txias-draw steel hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv no txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hardening thiab residual stress thaum lub sij hawm txias deformation, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lawv cov machinability thiab kev ua haujlwm. Recrystallization annealing ho txhim kho lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm kawg.

 

3. Post-Annealing Structure

 

▲ Post-Recrystallization Annealing Structure

 

Cov qauv tom qab recrystallization annealing feem ntau muaj cov nplej zoo equiaxed, tshem tawm deformation bands thiab dislocations los ntawm txias deformation. Cov qauv no txhawb kev txhim kho plasticity, toughness, qaug zog tiv thaiv, thiab corrosion kuj thaum ua ntxiv.

 

 

V Diffusion Annealing

 

1. Txhais thiab Lub Hom Phiaj

Diffusion annealing suav nrog cov khoom siv hlau cua sov kom siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, tuav lawv rau lub sijhawm ntev kom tso cai kom txaus atomic diffusion, tshem tawm cov tshuaj sib cais thiab microstructural inhomogeneity. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom homogenize castings, forgings, thiab cov khoom loj los tsim cov kev mob zoo rau kev ua tom ntej thiab siv.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntau yam

Diffusion annealing feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov tshuaj sib cais thiab cov qauv tsis sib xws hauv cov castings loj thiab forgings. Cov khoom no muaj feem xyuam rau cov teeb meem xws li dendritic segregation thiab regional segregation, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev. Diffusion annealing tuaj yeem txo cov teeb meem no, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.

 

3. Post-Annealing Structure

Tom qab diffusion annealing, lub microstructure feem ntau ua zoo ib yam, tshem tawm cov kev sib cais qub thiab tsis sib xws. Cov qauv kawg yog nyob ntawm cov khoom qub thiab cov khoom siv annealing, tab sis diffusion annealing feem ntau ua rau muaj ntau homogeneous thiab ntom microstructure uas txhim kho txhua yam thiab corrosion-resistant zog.

 

 

VI Isothermal Annealing

 

1. Txhais thiab Lub Hom Phiaj

Isothermal annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov ntaub ntawv hlau tau rhuab saum lawv qhov kub thiab txias, tuav rau ib lub sij hawm, txias kom txias me ntsis hauv qab Ar1 kub rau isothermal transformation, thiab ces cua txias. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tswj cov cua txias thiab cov txheej txheem isothermal transformation kom ua tiav cov microstructures tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntau yam

Isothermal annealing feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hlau uas xav tau cov qauv microstructural thiab kev ua tau zoo, xws li cov pa roj carbon siab thiab cov pa roj carbon hlau nruab nrab. Ua ntej quenching, cov ntaub ntawv no undergo isothermal annealing los tsim ib yam, zoo austenitic nplej thiab tsim nyog carbide tis, txhim kho hardness thiab hnav tsis kam tom qab quenching.

 

3. Post-Annealing Structure

Cov qauv tom qab isothermal annealing nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab isothermal transformation tej yam kev mob. Feem ntau, lub microstructure tom qab isothermal annealing yog zoo ib yam thiab refined, txhawb kev txhim kho hardness, hnav tsis kam, thiab seem stability thaum lub sij hawm tom qab quenching thaum txo deformation thiab cracking txaus ntshai.

 

 

Xaus

 

Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem annealing no muaj nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv ntau yam, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm hlau thiab kev kho cua sov. Los ntawm kev xaiv thiab siv cov txheej txheem annealing tsim nyog, microstructure thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo, txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm machining thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Ua tib zoo tswj ntawm annealing tsis thiab cov txheej txheem cov ntsiab lus yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov ruaj khov thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig annealing.